Fracking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fracking - Essay Example Fracking is done in four steps. During the first step, a vertical well is drilled into the ground up to the rock of interest. It then turns horizontally for some distance inside the shale containing the petroleum and gas. Under high-pressure, water is pumped into the well to create cracks from which gas can be released. The released gas along with the petroleum are then sucked up to the surface for processing. The used water, or waste, is pumped out of the well onto the surface from which it is disposed of carefully to avoid environmental contamination. The water is disposed of carefully as it contains harmful minerals and substances picked up below the ground (Michael, 2013).Fracking is done in four steps. During the first step, a vertical well is drilled into the ground up to the rock of interest. It then turns horizontally for some distance inside the shale containing the petroleum and gas. Under high-pressure, water is pumped into the well to create cracks from which gas can be r eleased. The released gas along with the petroleum are then sucked up to the surface for processing. The used water, or waste, is pumped out of the well onto the surface from which it is disposed of carefully to avoid environmental contamination. The water is disposed of carefully as it contains harmful minerals and substances picked up below the ground (Michael, 2013).The benefits for fracking cannot be overstated. The method avails great environmental and economic advantages. Fracking produces what is commonly known as the shale gas. Hence, the merits of production of shale gas are numerous. The gas produced is used to fend of the energy deficit that face the country. Through the gas produced by fracking, it reduces the dependence on imported energy sources like oil (Michael, 2013).The method creates employment for many unemployed persons. The reason why it creates employment is that it is a relatively method. Hence, it has to create room for employees before people can sign contr acts. The oil obtained from fracking fends off the dependence of a country on oil.It is evident that fracking is a beneficial procedure that has provided an alternative to the traditional methods of gas and oil manufacture.  

Positive and Negative Aspects of Immigration in the United States Essay

Positive and Negative Aspects of Immigration in the United States - Essay Example However, the earlier immigration at the beginning of the twentieth century had a comparatively greater impact because the United States was less populated at that time (Saiz 14). â€Å"If current immigration rates are sustained, two-thirds of the population growth in the United States could be accounted for by immigration by 2050† (Saiz 14). The arrival of new immigrants is creating severe opposition as well as spirited defense for immigration. Every year, the debate on the benefits and adverse effects caused by immigration grows increasingly heated, and its political discourse is likely to be a major issue in the future (Isbister 1). Philip Martin and Elizabeth Midgley argue that a significant issue is an illegal immigration which began rising in the 1970s. This was the first main immigration issue debated in Congress in the 21st century (Martin and Midgley 3).   The arrival in the United States of large numbers of foreigners from various countries can either be a cause for concern or a trend to be welcomed. â€Å"There is no single answer, which helps to explain why Americans are ambivalent about immigration† (Martin and Midgley 3). The United States has always celebrated its immigrant heritage with mass naturalization ceremonies on July 4; these ceremonies associate immigration with the founding of the United States. American leaders have reiterated the renewal and rebirth caused by the advent of newcomers in America considered as the ‘land of opportunity’. This implies that immigration enables individuals to improve their lives and also strengthen the United States at the same time (Martin and Midgley 11).   

The Lord Of The Flies: Chapter 8

The Lord Of The Flies: Chapter 8 Lord Of The Flies Chapter 8 Goldings Lord Of The Flies is based on an island after the second world war. Through-out the novel, Golding treats the island as a microcosm of the war. Within this is microcosm, the island commences as a utopia but it is not until chapter 8 when it gradually evolves into a dystopia as the ultimate battle for jealousy and power breaks out. The modification and degradation in certain characters behaviour from their normal life of civilization makes chapter 8 key to Goldings Lord Of The Flies . It is the main chapter in which democracy is demolished, savagery kicks in and the definitive chapter in which Simon has the ultimate encounter with the Lord Of The Flies. I will explore Goldings use of symbolism, plot, imagery, language, Christian morals, setting, themes and story structure as well as the novels overall historical context to establish the fact that chapter 8 is the most significant chapter to the novel as a whole. This is the vital episode in which Ralph experiences difficulties dealing with the beast. He acknowledges its existence and in doing so spreads fear amongst the other boys. This is illustrated when Ralph portrays the beast as having teeth and big black eyes. Ralph instantly decides that fighting the beast is not an option; leaving the boys with no alternative than to hide from the beast and live under its shadow. Ralphs fear about the beast is conveyed in his own words for the preliminary time in chapter 8, expressing the chapters great magnitude and relevance. As evidenced in the above quotations, it is in chapter 8 that the beast is embellished and made to seem scarier than reality, again showing the chapters eloquence. This powerful section centres on Ralphs pessimism which contributes to his poor management of the beast. He does not appreciate that the littluns take him seriously and visualise the news as a sign for panic. Ralph explains, I dont think wed ever fight a thing that size, honestly, you know. Wed talk, but we wouldnt fight a tiger. Wed hide. Even Jack ud hide. Ralphs apathy is conveyed because he makes himself believe that his hopes are slim. From Ralphs language, the reader and other characters become under the impression that the beast is huge and can not be fought. Here, the key notion which makes chapter 8 substantial is that Ralph injects pain and fear into the unstable community instead of calming them. Ralphs priority is evacuating the island rather than confronting the beast. This is illustrated when Ralph says As long as theres light were brave enough. But then? And now that thing squats by the fire as though it didnt want us to be rescued So we cant have a signal fire Were beaten. The reader comprehends the boys inability of coping with darkness because of their strong fear of the beast. Little do the boys know, that the beast is living inside them like a parasite which can not live on its own but is in need of a host to live in. This is momentous to chapter 8 because we learn that Ralphs desire is not to stay on the island or integrate himself into the island in order to avoid mingling with the beast. Throughout chapter 8, the conch acts as a symbol of authority and order. At the beginning of the chapter, the conch glimmered among the trees. This is pivotal to chapter 8 because the glimmering of the conch confirms its importance and the way it stands out in nature, symbolises how right actions stand out from wrong actions. From the beginning of the book, the conch takes the place of civilization and democracy which are clearly two social aspects which the island lacks after the destruction of the conch. It is because of the conchs destruction or in other words the destruction of authority, that degradation and an uncivilized atmosphere are the shocking result. Jack blows the conch and calls a meeting at the start of chapter 8. This makes the chapter especially significant because normally, Jack has a certain disregard for the rules but however it is in this chapter that he uses the conch and applies the rules for his own benefit. Jack makes negative comments in the meeting about Ralph like, Ralph said my hunters are no good, Hes like piggyhe isnt a proper chiefhes a coward himself Hes not a hunter. Hed never have got us meat He just gives orders and expects people to obey for nothing, He competes with Ralph for leadership, which is unmistakably a direct challenge and describes Ralph as not a prefect which is the last reference to the boys previous school life. This is especially portrayed in chapter 8 because Jack attempts undermining Ralph in order to attract the littluns to his own life style. He also capitalises on the appearance of the beast, although he himself is scared of its shadowy presence too. However, he realises that the grou ps faith in Ralph is ever decreasing because of the fear and instability of the beast on the island. Jack reacts very violently to the beast, but does not aim his anger at the beast; instead he aims it at Ralphs leadership and at hunting. He has bloodlust and loves to hunt and kill, the food is merely a by-product of the adrenaline that it gives him to hunt, chase and kill another animal. He has passed his passion onto his hunters. This is predominantly shown in the chapter when Golding mentions that, The hunters followed, wedded to her in lust, excited by the long chase and the dropped blood This is particularly pivotal to chapter 8 because he uses the possibility of pacifying the beast as a way of seducing the boys to what he wants them to do. He uses the promise of exciting hunting, brilliant feasts and most of all, the promise that the beast will not bother them and the promise that the beast will cease to be a constant point of fear for the boys. Simon has a diverse reaction to the beast compared to the other boys in the novel. This is especially expressed in chapter 8 because it is when Simon instinctively knows that the beast is something that has manifested itself in the heads, hearts and minds of the boys, giving them a focus for their fear. He endeavours to disprove the beasts existence by climbing the mountain and discovering what it was that Ralph and Jack saw; I thought there might be something to do, something we- again the pressure of the assembly took his voice away I think we ought to climb the mountain What else is there to do? Simon climbs the mountain and his theory is proven, when he locates a dead parachutist and encounters the pigs head. This attests that Simons predictions about the existence of a physical beast were right. This is crucial to chapter 8 because Simons Christ-like figure is revealed. The imperative confrontation between Simon and the Lord of the Flies takes place in chapter 8 showing the chapters even greater magnitude. When Simon confronts the Lord of the Flies, it is just a pigs head on a stick, which Jack had stuck into the ground in Simons special retreat. However, when Simon is speaking to it he doesnt see it as a pigs head; he interprets it as evil. When the Lord of the Flies is talking to Simon, the dialogue is like a schoolmaster is telling him off. You are a silly little boy just a silly ignorant little boy. The Lord Of The Flies intentionally talks in this manner to try overpowering Simons thoughts and mind and acts as if he knows better. The pigs head then progresses by instructing Simon to go and socialise with the other boys, or they will think he is crazy. Youd better run off and play with the others. You dont want Ralph to think youre batty, do you? Overall, in this vital episode, The Lord of the Flies starts forcing Simon into thinking that no one on the island likes him. This is principally illustrated in chapter 8 because the Lord of the Flies tries to affect Simons thoughts by making him socialise with the evil boys. The beast attempts taking control of Simon by saying, There isnt anyone to help you. Only me. And Im the Beast. Simons reaction to this is to shout insults at the pigs head. Pigs head on a stick! This confirms that Simon understands that this is all it is. The Lord Of The Flies attempts gaining Simons obedience. This is ironic because it is similar to what happens to Jesus, making chapter 8 religiously momentous as well. Subsequently, the Lord of the Flies informs Simon that he cant kill it. The beast sarcastically says, Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! This section is even more relevant because the Lord Of The Flies tries to embed its presence inside Simons head by declaring its state of immortality. The island itself, particularly chapter 8, functions as a kind of Garden of Eden that is gradually corrupted by the introduction of evil. The Lord of the Flies may be seen as a symbol for the devil, since it works to promote evil among mankind. An example of this is when the Lord of the Flies tells Simon to, Get back to the others. This promotes evil because the other boys evil will affect Simon. Chapter 8 is very considerable because it is when Simon is faced with the ethical reality of the novel and is killed sacrificially as a consequence of having discovered the truth. In chapter 8, Golding conveys that Simons life has strong parallels with that of Jesus which is a very pivotal part of the chapter. His conversation with the Lord of the Flies mirrors the confrontation between Christ and the devil in Christian theology. There are unfortunate consequences to Simons death in that the island is thrown into a deeper network of misery and unhappiness. The beast says to Simon, Arent you afraid of me? and You dont want Ralph to think youre batty do you? Simons wisdom is portrayed through the concept that he does not believe and act by the beasts words, indicating the importance and great significance of chapter 8 to the novel. To conclude, Chapter 8 is key to Goldings Lord Of The Flies because it is where the instability of Jack, Piggy and Ralph an the island is conveyed. This has strong comparisons with peoples physical and emotional feelings during World War 2. Additionally, being under immense pressure of the gradual immersion of a dystopia, some of the boys like Ralph loose control but others like Jack capitalise on the fear of the littluns. This is echoed in the war when Hitler capitalises on the fear of the other countries and the public. Golding also conveys the notion of fear in chapter 8 making the chapter significant. The chapter is also prophetic because of Simons death. Finally, Golding explains the divisions within the group of children as a symbol of destruction of order and authority. This originates from the biblical reference of Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to destruction. (Mathew 12.25) The above points tie together to prove the chapters eloquence to the novel as a whol e.

Computerised accounting system. :: Computer Science

Computerised accounting system. Please Specify which product you need when ordering. Sage Line 50 training software is available both with and with out a comprehensive assessment system.. The sage line 50 product contains Basic and Advanced tasks for operation of the Sage accounting software. Sage Line 50 uses a powerful "show and tell, then have a go" style training. This makes it easy for users to understand new concepts and provides then with a chance to "have a go in a safe training environment". Use of multimedia simulation aids retention of learning and ease of use. Learn To Use Sage is ideal for both novice and experienced users. The software provides a great foundation in basic tasks, Intermediate and Advanced tasks are also taught. Many advanced users keep the software by their PC, its great reference, have a problem? simply pop the disk in, run the topic that covers your need, its that simple. Learn To Use Sage Task List Basic: * Add a new customer * Open an existing customer record * Add a new supplier * Open an existing supplier record * Add a new nominal account * Open a blank record * Add a new product code and save * Open a product record * Add a sales invoice * Add a credit note * Enter purchase invoice / Credit note * Allocate customer receipts * Allocate supplier payments * Add a nominal payment / receipt * Preview / Print aged debtors report * Enter sales invoices * Enter sales credit notes Advanced: * Transfer funds * Add a nominal journal * Create a skeleton journal * Blank reconciliation * Display VAT return * Analyse VAT totals * Print VAT return * Add a fixed asset * Posting depreciation * Add a prepayment * Posting prepayments and accruals * Write off, Refund, Return * Set access rights * Contra entries * Add receding entry * Correcting errors * Check and print Computerised Accounting System ============================== How does a computer works? Data Input Process Data Output Type of data processing: 1. Batch processing Transaction data are accumulated until a large volume can be processed at one time. Eg. Payroll, customer account and general ledger 2. On - line processing Processing transaction as they occur so that a user can obtain current information at any time. Eg. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories. Manual vs. Computerised systems =============================== Manual accounting systems consists of source of documents, journals, ledgers and reports. In a computerised accounting system basically the same source of documents can be used but must be converted into a machine - readable format to be accepted as an input to the computer. Eg. Computerised receivables system Input : accounts receivable master file at the beginning of the period and the aacounts receivables transactions files required to update the beginning balances. Computerised accounting system. :: Computer Science Computerised accounting system. Please Specify which product you need when ordering. Sage Line 50 training software is available both with and with out a comprehensive assessment system.. The sage line 50 product contains Basic and Advanced tasks for operation of the Sage accounting software. Sage Line 50 uses a powerful "show and tell, then have a go" style training. This makes it easy for users to understand new concepts and provides then with a chance to "have a go in a safe training environment". Use of multimedia simulation aids retention of learning and ease of use. Learn To Use Sage is ideal for both novice and experienced users. The software provides a great foundation in basic tasks, Intermediate and Advanced tasks are also taught. Many advanced users keep the software by their PC, its great reference, have a problem? simply pop the disk in, run the topic that covers your need, its that simple. Learn To Use Sage Task List Basic: * Add a new customer * Open an existing customer record * Add a new supplier * Open an existing supplier record * Add a new nominal account * Open a blank record * Add a new product code and save * Open a product record * Add a sales invoice * Add a credit note * Enter purchase invoice / Credit note * Allocate customer receipts * Allocate supplier payments * Add a nominal payment / receipt * Preview / Print aged debtors report * Enter sales invoices * Enter sales credit notes Advanced: * Transfer funds * Add a nominal journal * Create a skeleton journal * Blank reconciliation * Display VAT return * Analyse VAT totals * Print VAT return * Add a fixed asset * Posting depreciation * Add a prepayment * Posting prepayments and accruals * Write off, Refund, Return * Set access rights * Contra entries * Add receding entry * Correcting errors * Check and print Computerised Accounting System ============================== How does a computer works? Data Input Process Data Output Type of data processing: 1. Batch processing Transaction data are accumulated until a large volume can be processed at one time. Eg. Payroll, customer account and general ledger 2. On - line processing Processing transaction as they occur so that a user can obtain current information at any time. Eg. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories. Manual vs. Computerised systems =============================== Manual accounting systems consists of source of documents, journals, ledgers and reports. In a computerised accounting system basically the same source of documents can be used but must be converted into a machine - readable format to be accepted as an input to the computer. Eg. Computerised receivables system Input : accounts receivable master file at the beginning of the period and the aacounts receivables transactions files required to update the beginning balances.

A Moments Indulgence by Rabindranath Tagore Essay

A Moments Indulgence by Rabindranath Tagore was written in 1910 as part of the Gitanjali collection, 157 poems in the original language of Bengali, and 103 in English translated by Tagore himself. Contents [hide] 1 A Moments Indulgence 1.1 About the Author 1.2 Gitanjali 1.3 The Poem 1.3.1 Synopsis 1.3.2 See Also 2 References About the Author[edit] Rabindranath Tagore was born on 7th May 1861 in a wealthy family in Calcutta. He was the youngest of the thirteen children born to Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi. His father was a great Hindu philosopher and one of the founders of the religious movement, Brahmo Samaj.His grandfather Dwarakanath Tagore was a rich landlord and social reformer. In 1886, he moved to Brighton, East Sussex, England, to read law. During his stay in England, he attended University College London for some time, following which he started to independent study the works of Shakespeare. He returned to Bengal in 1880 without a degree, but with the aspiration of fusing elements of European traditions in his literary works.[1] Tagore is the most eminent Bengali renaissance poet, philosopher, essayist, critic, composer and educator, who dreamt of a harmony of universal humanity among the people of different origin through freedom of mind and spiritual sovereignty. Tagore started writing poetry when he was a child, and in the course of his life was often hailed as the Shakespeare of the East due to generating thoughts on: society, religion, aesthetics, education, rural welfare, nationalism and internationalism in his literary works, essays and poetry. [2] One of his most well-known and famous collections of poetry is Gitanjali [Song Offering] which generates thoughts on religion. Tagore died on 7th August 1941 in Jorasanko, the mansion he was raised in. The years before his death were riddled with periods of illness and pain, which eventually rendered him in a comatose state. Gitanjali[edit] Gitanjali (Bengali: à ¦â€"à §â‚¬Ã  ¦ ¤Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦Å¾Ã  § Ã  ¦Å"à ¦ ²Ã  ¦ ¿) is a collection of poems by the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. First published in 1910, Tagore’s collection containing mystical and devotional song poems, was translated to English by Tagore in 1912 before he embarked on a visit to England. The poems were extremely well received, and would be the first of many volumes that earned him much acclaim in the East and West.[3] The English Gitanjali, or Song Offerings, is a collection of 103 English poems of Tagore’s own translations from his Bengali poems. This was first published in November 1912 by the India Society of London.[4] At the time of publication, the collection was profoundly praised by the best of Tagore’s literary contemporaries in England; including W. B. Yeats and A. C. Bradley.[5] With the enthusiastic assistance from major western poets such as Yeats and Ezra Pound, the volume made an appearance in England.[6] The collection was tremendous success and caused a literary sensation, its impact was so great that in the following year, 1913, Tagore became the first Asian poet to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his translated version of his cycle of song-poems, Gitanjali.[7]. The translations of Tagore’s work were once a craze, but as Sisirkumar Ghose discusses, Tagore in translation is riddled with problems. His own translations†¦ (have) been criticised and have been faulted.[8] Robert Frost stated that poetry is that which survives translation. When looking at Tagore’s poetry, it is questionable how much of his original work survives throughout the process of translation. It is evident that the nuances of rhythm, imagery, verse form, and most importantly language, are inevitably lost. The main criticisms of the Gitanjali’s translations were for: often not translating the original poem in full, leaving chunks out, and in one instance fusing two separate poems. The Poem[edit] A Moments Indulgence I ask for a moment’s indulgence to sit by thy side. The works that I have in hand I will finish afterwards. Away from the sight of thy face my heart knows no rest nor respite, and my work becomes an endless toil in a shoreless sea of toil. Today the summer has come at my window with its sighs and murmurs; and the bees are plying their minstrelsy at the court of the flowering grove. Now it is time to sit quite, face to face with thee, and to sing dedication of life in this silent and overflowing leisure. File:To upload.jpg Gitanjali 71. An example of poem 71 from Gitanjali written in Bengali, its original language, with the translation of English beside it. Synopsis[edit] The central focus of A Moments Indulgence is about dedicating ones time to God, which clearly brings the devotee joy. The speaker is aware that his soul has been engrossed in worldliness, thus putting aside worldly pleasures that man is often disillusioned by, the speaker begins devoting his time to God. The poem begins with the speaker seeking a moment’s indulgence from his creator. This is evident as he says, he ‘will finish afterwards’ he task he was doing, in order to connect with his creator. Analogy is used in both verse one and verse two, when he suggests that having to give up your work is a small price to pay to reach the almighty. The second stanza shows the extent of the speaker’s devotion to his creator. This can be seen through the way he says that when he is away from God, mentally or physically, his heart remains restless, and the tasks at hand seem like they will never end. The metaphor of the shoreless sea reinforces that when away from God, one cannot be content. It portrays a clear distinction between the pleasure one receives from worldliness, and the true spiritual joy one gains from devoting time to God. In the third stanza the speaker is talking about the present day, and describes the beauty of the world which is a gift from God. He uses nature imagery to describe the beauty of the day which is being enjoyed by both animals, the ‘bees’, plants, and ‘the flowering grove’. The speaker also uses sound descriptions of: ‘sighs and murmurs’ to describe the present day, this has connotations of peace and being at peace in the environment one is in, adding to the spiritual vibe of the poem. This implies that nature is close to God as it is content, reinforcing the second stanza’s idea that when away from God a person can not be content. The fourth stanza shows that the speaker believes that the present time is the best time to dedicate himself to God; he does this by singing to God and  sitting quietly. Surrounding himself with nature, and the speaker believes the silence and free time is the perfect time to devote time to his creator because he is not distracted by worldly tasks and is surrounded by a gift, the beauty of nature, which is from God.

Intrinsic Motivation and Team Communication Essay

The greatest concern of the companies after recession is how to bring out the best in the employees with less funds and poor market response. Since the market is demanding more for less, companies are now forced to sell products at reduced margins. This state of affairs shows that the proverbial employee engagement policy through extrinsic rewards cannot be implemented under such situation. Moreover, the sales graph is getting down on one hand, while the competition is getting stiffer. Therefore, the best (and perhaps only) option lying before the companies is to adopt the intrinsic motivation policy, which does not involve monetary reward. However, it is always tough to break away from the convention, since the application of extrinsic rewards to engage the employees has become commonplace. Yet there is hope, if the findings of the researchers regarding the mechanism of motivation have anything to go by. The Guiding Light Even in 1985, researchers like Deci and Ryan (1985) used attribution theory and suggested that humans constantly reassess the reasons for their behavior besides others. Before that, Lepper et al. (1973) had observed that extrinsic reward (money) acts as a tool for reinforcement, which actually generates two effects for the management, like gaining control over activity or fastening the process, and two, the backlash effect in absence of reinforcement. The example below would explain it better: A group or an individual gets a reward of x amount of money for a period y, where x+y=m, m being the increased rate of production. Before that, the situation was y=z where production was z. Now in the absence of reinforcement and with the influence of attribution theory, the situation would stand like y-x = n, where n < z. This clearly goes against the basic reason for motivating the employees, i. e. , to enhance the profit of the organization. This also shows that something is missing, which could have played catalyst in between, and that something is ‘love for work’. The modern researchers have picked up the issue right from here. â€Å"Engagement occurs when an employee connects emotionally with his work,† says Paul Glen (2007), thereby underpinning the efficacy of intrinsic reward in employee engagement, since it aims to emotionally engage the workers. The Solution Yet it is tough to overtly implement intrinsic reward policy by issuing heaps of â€Å"well-done† certificates, as the employees may not adapt to this sudden shift of reward policy, especially when even a penny counts after recession. It is where the strategy of fostering team communication can come in handy, which is also backed by â€Å"Expectancy Value Theory† of Martin Fishbein (Expectancy, 2004), where he observed that â€Å"people mold themselves to the world in accordance with their expectations/beliefs and evaluations. † An effective team communication does that much-needed job – it converts the employee expectation from personal gain to team-gain, and team-gain becomes possible only when the individual worker meets the expectation of other team-members. This process manifests through both intra-team communication and inter-team communication, which generates high-degree of intrinsic motivation among team members that automatically creates an emotional bondage with their work. Consequently, members of the team become aware of the roles of each member and try to finish individual assignments in time to meet the expectation of the team members. Upon doing so, they enjoy job satisfaction on many accounts – as fulfilling a team of colleagues’ expectation raises the level of mutual trust, self-confidence and individual relationship. These are the elements of intrinsic motivation, which rules over money. And what comes out as the by-product? Company benefit, of course! References Expectancy Value Theory. (2004). Web document. Retrieved July 7, 2009, from http://www. tcw. utwente. nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Public%20Rela tions%2C%20Advertising%2C%20Marketing%20and%20Consumer%20Behavio r/Expectancy_Value_Theory. doc/ Glen, P. (2007). You can’t outsource retention. Computerworld, July 16, 2007.

Emerson V Thoreau Essays - Lecturers, Transcendentalism, Free Essays

Emerson V Thoreau Essays - Lecturers, Transcendentalism, Free Essays Emerson V Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau: Lecture Essay March 13, 1846 -A lecture by Henry David Thoreau Henry D. Thoreau gave an intellectually stimulating lecture. His political and environmental stances enchanted the audience. His ideas are indicative of self-reliance, simplicity and appreciation. His delivery invited each listener to actively enjoy what he said. Thoreau presented his lecture so that the audience had no choice but to ponder and think about what he said. He was passionate in what he said, as his values and views leaked into the audience like a stream branching out from a river. The following is what I took away from his speech. Thoreau began his speech by addressing his purpose of living alone-a word of discussion in his lecture- and in the woods of Concord. I quoted a passage that he derived from his own book, under the assumption that it was something of significance, either to the audience or himself. In either case, his statement would reveal a part of Thoreau that was of importance to him. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers. A man thinking or working is always alone let him be where he will. (p. 123) Thoreau paused after he read. My initial response to this statement was to think about it. So solitude is physically a friend to you? He answered my question before I could question him. In the absence of people, he had befriended the seasons. He continued to speak of his Natural friends, like the birds who sang for him, and the rain, which entertained him. Thoreaus idea of solitude was that solitude is simply a different state of mind. Instead of the events and actions of other people, he discerned that ones own actions, thoughts and imagination were of equal value. As he spoke, I began to appreciate what he said. His digression from society wasnt the result of dislike for it, but a personal value of living through his own eyes, rather than others eyes. He did not need material things to measure life. Thoreaus next venture featured a fisherman. A quiet man who fished by himself at Walden Pond. Thoreau told a story of this man who came to the pond near everyday in the spring and summer. He fished from the shore, never on a boat. Something separated this man from the rest of those who came to fish. After he caught the fish, no matter the size, he would pack up his gear and leave. Where was this story leading? Thoreau admired the man who satisfied himself so easily, although he never spoke to the man. I wondered if it was a true story. Why would a guy want only one fish? Why so easily satisfied? My mind raced as he spoke, trying to devour and process the words that he said. Suddenly, without contemplation, I asked Thoreau a question. Mr. Thoreau, I said. This man you speak of is different from many in his ways. He travels such a distance for such a tiny reward. Why does he settle for less when he could have more without much marginal effort? Thoreau smiled for the first time during his speech, like he was entertained by my inquiry. My answer can be no better than yours. That was all Thoreau said. At least he wasnt egotistical. His answer seemed to raise me to his level. My answer was just as good as any other answer in the room. Maybe the guy didnt even like fish; he just wanted to be outside. Or maybe his son drowned there in the pond, and he needed to have a part of him everyday, no matter how big or small of a part it may be. Thoreau continued to talk of the fisherman. Although quiet, the man was not silent. He smiled when others greeted him, and offered his hand when other fishermen sought to launch their boats. He loves his life, which is something that not everyone experiences, Thoreau glanced at me. Is it not easier to be happy when your wants are few? Here Thoreau began

Free Essays on Alternative Teacher Certificationâ€An Overview

Alternative Teacher Certification- An Overview A sad and daunting reality became apparent to our society in the early 1980s. A reality that our founding fathers would have probably never dreamed of- a dangerous shortage of teachers. Our predecessors may very well have thought that their new American Nation would be a land of high intelligence in both children and adults alike and that there would always be an ample supply of educators. To be a teacher in the early days of this great nation was to hold a position of prestige and importance for the future was in the hands of the teachers. Now, over 200 years later, we are faced with the burden of educating our future. Except for this time, the burden is extremely heavy because of tougher standards, lower pay, and disrespect from students and parents. To offset the decline of new teachers entering the profession, a new type of certification was devised. If successful, this new concept would help more people become teachers in less time. Unfortunately, this certification was extremely controversial because it was simply shortcutting, which would later give it a bad name. To be proactive, many states devised other routes of teacher certification so that people in specialized fields, in the military, people with a certain skill, and former teachers wanting to get back in the game would be able to do so with relative ease. This new trend proved to be fast growing. By 1997, 41 states, plus the District of Columbia, report having at least some type of alternative certification program. These states have made up 117 programs (collectively) and some 75,000 new teachers have been birthed as a result to these programs. However, 17 of the states have reported a mild decrease in participation, while 25 states report an increase. This increase is very promising; especially since the National Center of Education Statistics, as well as many others, states that we will need 2 million more teac... Free Essays on Alternative Teacher Certification—An Overview Free Essays on Alternative Teacher Certification- An Overview Alternative Teacher Certification- An Overview A sad and daunting reality became apparent to our society in the early 1980s. A reality that our founding fathers would have probably never dreamed of- a dangerous shortage of teachers. Our predecessors may very well have thought that their new American Nation would be a land of high intelligence in both children and adults alike and that there would always be an ample supply of educators. To be a teacher in the early days of this great nation was to hold a position of prestige and importance for the future was in the hands of the teachers. Now, over 200 years later, we are faced with the burden of educating our future. Except for this time, the burden is extremely heavy because of tougher standards, lower pay, and disrespect from students and parents. To offset the decline of new teachers entering the profession, a new type of certification was devised. If successful, this new concept would help more people become teachers in less time. Unfortunately, this certification was extremely controversial because it was simply shortcutting, which would later give it a bad name. To be proactive, many states devised other routes of teacher certification so that people in specialized fields, in the military, people with a certain skill, and former teachers wanting to get back in the game would be able to do so with relative ease. This new trend proved to be fast growing. By 1997, 41 states, plus the District of Columbia, report having at least some type of alternative certification program. These states have made up 117 programs (collectively) and some 75,000 new teachers have been birthed as a result to these programs. However, 17 of the states have reported a mild decrease in participation, while 25 states report an increase. This increase is very promising; especially since the National Center of Education Statistics, as well as many others, states that we will need 2 million more teac...

Behavioral and Social-Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits

Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits PSY/250 Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Habit is defined as â€Å"an acquired behavior pattern regularly followed until it has become almost involuntary† (Dictionary. com, n. d. ). Most people have some sort of habit that they have acquired or learned throughout their life. Some are as non-noticeable and as simple as looking both ways before crossing a street or roadway. We are taught this at an early age for safety purposes, but to us, it is just a normal â€Å"it makes sense† act that we practice probably every day. Some individuals learn habits from a young age; other habits can form once an individual gets older and makes their own decisions. Forming a habit can come from many role models or witnessed behavior. For example, if an infant cries or upset, usually they are comforted by food or soothing from the mother. At this point, the infant recognizes that a particular act receives a particular reward. This is an example of behavioral approach to a habit. If the infant cries, it gets rewarded with milk and soothing. Since the child only knows how to communicate by crying, this is how the child lets the parent know that they are in need of something, in some cases, just in need of attention. Another approach is the observational learning in which people learn to do something without actually performing it (Krapp, 2005). It can also be termed as social/cognitive approach. An example of this would be a child witnessing a sport on television. They see the actions play out with the team, and go out and â€Å"reenact† what they saw even though they have never played the game. The child does not necessarily know the rules of the game, but the basic tools and concept of the game. Bandura claims that people are more apt to copy behavior that leads to a positive outcome (Krapp, 2005). However, some individuals have habits that can have a negative and possibly deadly outcome. For example, drug and alcohol habits have the possibility to become deadly. Most individuals are aware that those particular habits are not healthy for them, but they are attracted and tempted by the way those habits make them feel. Those habits are said to be diseases, but at what point are they a sickness? At first, I believe, that the â€Å"sicknesses† are habits and it is only until you try all means possible to quit, that it becomes a sickness. A habit can start by having a beer after a game, smoking a joint when you are stressed, or using some other sort of substance to make you feel better. At some point, one starts making excuses or reasons to continue the habit even if the original situation that made you start that habit, is not where the habit is taking place anymore. One of the habits that I have is biting my nails. From as far back as I remember, I have been biting my nails. I suppose I developed this habit by witnessing my father do the same thing. I can remember being a young child and seeing my father sitting on the couch with his hand in his mouth biting his nails. I do not remember the first time I did it, and I still continue this habit to this day. Actually while writing this paper, I find myself pausing and thinking and noticing that when I pause, my hand automatically goes in my mouth, and I start nibbling at my nails. I feel that I concentrate better when my hands are busy doing something. Whether it is biting my nails or twisting my hair, my hands are always doing something. I have attempted to quit this habit, and at this point, I am very unsuccessful. When I put acrylic nails on, I obviously do not bite my own nails, but I do find myself picking and messing with the nails that have been put on. Whether it is tapping my nails, or picking at my cuticles, I am constantly messing with them. By using the behavioral personality theory, I am not exactly sure why I have this habit. I do not get any sort of satisfaction from the habit or feel any sort of accomplishment. Writing about it now, I wonder why I continue such a habit if I am not getting anything out of it. The habit is not making me a better person, nor am I fulfilling some comfort issues. I continue this habit all the times and I find that it is not situational. I bite my nails when I am bored, and when I am busy, when I am nervous, and when I am excited. It is a constant habit that I continue daily, if not hourly. I can develop a plan to condition myself to quit the habit by making sure my hands are busy with something else. If my hands are busy, then I will not be able to put them in my mouth to bite my nails. I have also found that if my mouth is busy, with eating or chewing gum, then I will not bite my nails either. So at this point, the habit not only has something to do with my hands, but also it is an oral fixation. As far as the oral fixation and satisfaction, I do not feel as though I am getting anything out of it, but I continue, and most likely will continue the habit. In conclusion, every person has some sort of habit that stems from personal experience or observation. Many people have role models that have taught them this habit and will continue the habit until they are completely satisfied or the habit is replaced by another habit. References Website: www. dictionary. com, n. d. Cerutti and J. E. R. Staddon, Annual Review of Psychology. (Annual 2003), p115. Psychologists and Their Theories for Students, Ed. Kristine Krapp, Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2005. p39-66

Management Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Problem - Essay Example If the leader/manager cannot handle such situations, company’s productivity and development would surely be hindered. Solving the problems within the company is not a one way process, the leader/manager is not the only picture on the image, rather it should be the leader/manager and the labor force. This paper will give focus on the management problem of Mr. Charley Newton on his new assignment. It will center primarily on the challenges of his leadership skills on how he will address the poor sales performance in southeast region. His ability on how he will manage his new appointment as vice president of southeast region determines his future career in Cabot Corporation. According to Fernandez, â€Å"80% to 90% of the sales are made by 20% of the sales force." This statement is very disappointing to know on what has been contributed by the 80% sales force. It relates to the problem of Mr. Newton in his new assignment in southeast region which is a serious issue that determines his future career. He had handled various assignments in his 10 years of stay in Cabot Corporation that is why the management has high expectations on him. He is being assigned to a worst performing region expecting that he can settle the problems in terms of the sales performance. It had been a problem for the corporation knowing that southeast region has a huge number of perspective customers (farmers), but still it ranks to be at the lowest, and fails the management expectations. The unsatisfactory sales performance of the region is one of the problems that Mr. Newton has to face. He also needs to perceive why is that the 26 divisional offices of the regions considered the mselves autonomous. The product produced by Cabot Corporation is positively viewed as a good one that is why it is being accepted in the entire world; therefore, this could not be the cause of the problem. Buyers are also not the reason given that there are so many farmers in southeast region. Thus, the cause

AlNabulsi sweet company in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

AlNabulsi sweet company in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example AlNabulsi sweet company in Saudi Arabia AlNabulsi sweet company is that deals in production, marketing and distribution of sweets and other confectioneries with sweet production reaching up to 250 varieties of sweet products. (Sinha 2006, p.30). On that note, AlNabulsi sweet company generates up to $ 690 in annual sales of its sweet products. The corporate mission of the sweet company, which is nearly 120 years old, is to be the best sweet company in the world by satisfying its clients every day. Several business strategies have been adopted by AlNabulsi sweet company in its approach to efficient maximum production and increased profits. There are strategic choices that have been utilized in the past; others are used presently while there are plans targeted for the future. For example, there is inter-sourcing or outsourcing where the AlNabulsi sweet company determines the tasks to conduct inside and outside the organization. Another one is designing commodity strategy in which the Company establishes a well explained report of its purchases (Ahlstrom & Bruton 2009, p.375). On that note the company has several objectives that can help it achieve the above business strategies in the next 5 years. These objectives are attainable because of the several resources the company has such enough, human labor, machinery like sweet processing machines, skilled personnel and large number premises among others. These include: (a) Expansion Regionally Currently, AlNabulsi sweet company is f ound in more than 80 countries with supplies to more than about 100 million users. It plans to spread to more than 150 countries in the next five years. Similarly, the company targets nations with vibrant economy in the Middle East and other Arabian nations in Africa for its expansion such as Iraq, Pakistan, Iran, Egypt, Tunisia and Indonesia among others. Regional expansion in these countries boosts spending of consumers and thus increases the chances of the company in meeting its strategies (Sinha 2006, p.30).

Responsible Gambling Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responsible Gambling - Assignment Example It is done in order to save the customers from the negative impacts of gambling or gaming. Apart from this, maximum extent of the industries or organizations operating in this industry try to implement land-based and online gambling services so as to enhance the reliability of the customers (Wenderoth, 2009, p. 21). Other than this, with the help of responsible gaming or gambling process, the customers get protection from vulnerable practices, protection against fraud and non-ethical behaviours of other consumers, maintenance of varied information’s utterly private, ensuring prompt payments, delivering a fair and ethical gaming experience, high-level of commitment is also observed to enhance customer satisfaction and demands to retain them. Such types of behaviours are extremely essential for the consumers of the industry of gaming or gambling as their age-bar differs from one another. The prime target audiences seen in the industry of gaming or gambling are mainly youths within an age limit of 18 to 28. In order to fulfil their excitement and fun, maximum extent of these youths of the wealthy families of China, Thai and Korea enter into this sector. The individuals getting attracted to gambling, desire to attain relief from varied types of mental distress and tension, so it is extremely essential to present humble behaviour with them. Otherwise, due to certain fraudulent conducts, he or she might get disturbed resulting in breakdown of their physical and mental health. Due to which, the reputation and image of the organization might get ruined resulting in switch-over of numerous other customers as well. Moreover, adults and parents, suffering from varied types of economic and social hardship, desire to engage themselves in gambling to get rid from such problems. Thus any type of worse behaviour might create an

Teamwork makes a dream work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teamwork makes a dream work - Essay Example This study aims towards conducting a in-depth analysis of teamwork. The nine roles of Belbin Implementer Implementer is a person who works for the benefits and interests of the company rather than being motivated via self-interest. The key qualities that acts as the strength for this role is self-discipline, attitude for working hard, common sense and the ability to organize. On the other hand the key weaknesses of this role include lack of flexibility and the inability to accept new concepts and ideas (BELBIN Associates, 2012). Co-ordinator Coordinator is the leader who is confident and self-controlled. The key strengths of this team role are that they have the ability to welcome all the team members on the basis of their merits and at the same time they also understand the objectives of the team. But they have an average ability in terms of creativity and intellectuality, which serves as a major weakness. Shaper Shaper is the team leader who activates the team and is highly dynamic and strong. The major qualities of this role are strong willingness and drive to challenge self-deception, inertia, complacency and ineffectiveness. Weaknesses include impatience and can be easily irritated and provoked. Plant Plan is an unorthodox type of team leader who works on his or her own wish. The key strengths are intelligence, in-depth knowledge and creativity. Weaknesses include the tendency to ignore rules and impracticality. Resource Investigator This kind of leaders works by forming a network of individuals who can produce ideas and is enthusiastic and extrovert. The main strengths of this kind of leader is willingness to accept anything which is new and the ability to respond to the challenges. The weakness includes the tendency of losing interest once the newness has gone away. Monitor-Evaluator This team leader is characterised by making up his mind and finally reaching to a decision which is shrewd. They are cautious and unemotional and have strong sense of discre tion and judgement. Weaknesses include the inability to motivate other people. Team Worker Team worker is the person who has the skill and patience to listen to others and avoid any type of conflict that is occurring between the other members. The key qualities include awareness regarding the team spirit and sensitivity to other situations and people. Indecisiveness during a situation of crisis is a major weakness. Completer-finisher This person is conscious, painstaking and has the ability to complete anything that has been started. This person is bestowed with the ability to follow things and is perfectionist in whatever is done. Weaknesses include reluctance to let things go and worrying about small things. Specialists Specialists are persons who provide skills and knowledge that are rare. This person is highly dedicated towards his/her work, self-starting and single-minded. The major weakness of this person is the inability to see the larger picture. They only contribute to the team within their specialist field (Keen, 2003; Anon., n.d.). Tuckman’s Team Development Model In the year 1965 Bruce Tuckman has identifies the four stages of team development that has been described below: Forming In this stage the members are assembled to form a team and understand the task to be performed. Storming In this stage the members of a team becomes comfortable to each other and often engages into

Week_T_Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week_T_Questions - Assignment Example would be better if you do not get involved in discussions where you put yourself in a position where you are left alone as opposed to a general public opinion, which exists at that point of time. In my opinion, the most important thing is to stop thinking in the ‘all or none’ thinking pattern. What most of us do is that we tend to consider things in black and white terms and this is why we usually end up at one extreme with dissatisfaction of self, along with the disapproval of others for our points of view. Similar is the way of our thinking when it comes to terrorism, whether domestic or global. For instance, Muslims are always irritated about how the whole world blames them for every terrorist activity and take out their aggressions whenever and however possible. Due to this, they hardly get time to calm themselves down and think about the reasons that brought them in this position and what they can do to take themselves out of this targeted position. Subaihi, T. (N.A). Whats in a beard? False stereotypes in a post-9/11 age. The National. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from

Responsible Gambling Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responsible Gambling - Assignment Example It is done in order to save the customers from the negative impacts of gambling or gaming. Apart from this, maximum extent of the industries or organizations operating in this industry try to implement land-based and online gambling services so as to enhance the reliability of the customers (Wenderoth, 2009, p. 21). Other than this, with the help of responsible gaming or gambling process, the customers get protection from vulnerable practices, protection against fraud and non-ethical behaviours of other consumers, maintenance of varied information’s utterly private, ensuring prompt payments, delivering a fair and ethical gaming experience, high-level of commitment is also observed to enhance customer satisfaction and demands to retain them. Such types of behaviours are extremely essential for the consumers of the industry of gaming or gambling as their age-bar differs from one another. The prime target audiences seen in the industry of gaming or gambling are mainly youths within an age limit of 18 to 28. In order to fulfil their excitement and fun, maximum extent of these youths of the wealthy families of China, Thai and Korea enter into this sector. The individuals getting attracted to gambling, desire to attain relief from varied types of mental distress and tension, so it is extremely essential to present humble behaviour with them. Otherwise, due to certain fraudulent conducts, he or she might get disturbed resulting in breakdown of their physical and mental health. Due to which, the reputation and image of the organization might get ruined resulting in switch-over of numerous other customers as well. Moreover, adults and parents, suffering from varied types of economic and social hardship, desire to engage themselves in gambling to get rid from such problems. Thus any type of worse behaviour might create an

Week_T_Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week_T_Questions - Assignment Example would be better if you do not get involved in discussions where you put yourself in a position where you are left alone as opposed to a general public opinion, which exists at that point of time. In my opinion, the most important thing is to stop thinking in the ‘all or none’ thinking pattern. What most of us do is that we tend to consider things in black and white terms and this is why we usually end up at one extreme with dissatisfaction of self, along with the disapproval of others for our points of view. Similar is the way of our thinking when it comes to terrorism, whether domestic or global. For instance, Muslims are always irritated about how the whole world blames them for every terrorist activity and take out their aggressions whenever and however possible. Due to this, they hardly get time to calm themselves down and think about the reasons that brought them in this position and what they can do to take themselves out of this targeted position. Subaihi, T. (N.A). Whats in a beard? False stereotypes in a post-9/11 age. The National. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from

Dessisons Thesis Statement Essay Example for Free

Dessisons Thesis Statement Essay One of the 6 decisions is friends. Friends can help you graduate from high school as well as prevent you from graduating as well. It could be just as bad having no friends as having the wrong kind of friends. Three reasons are you if you have smart and good friends you have a much higher chance of graduating, if you have bad friends that are always getting in trouble then you have a low chance of graduating or being successful in life, the last reason is having no friends could be as bad as having the wrong friends. If you have smart friend’s chances are you will do better in school and be successful in life. One reason is your friend won’t call you asking you to come to a party or go to the mall when you need to study because you most likely will be studying too. Another reason is they will get you into good habits like studying instead of bad habit like drugs and skipping school. The last reason is there might be a little friendly competition between you and your friends about grades and test scores. Those are three reasons why having smart friends can help you graduate and be successful in life. If you have bad friends that always get in trouble and do bad stuff then chances are you will do the same and do poorly in school and not graduate. One reason is they get you into bad Habits such as drugs, partying, and skipping school. Another reason is they will call you and tell you to come to a party while you’re trying to study and if you don’t go then they might make fun of you. The final reason is they will want you to skip school which will mean missed assignments which will make your grades go down which will make you do poorly in school and maybe not graduate. Those are three reasons why having bad friends who get in trouble can prevent you from doing well in school. If you have no friends it could be just as bad as friends that get in trouble. One reason is other kids might bully you which could make yourself esteem go way down which might make you care less about school. Another reason if you need help with homework you won’t have any friends to call for help. The final reason is if you’re having family problems you won’t have someone to talk to and help you get passed it and focus on school some again. Those are the three reasons why having no friends could be as bad as having fiends that get in trouble. Those are the three main reasons why friends can help you or prevent you from graduating high school and be successful in life. So make the choice keep partying and sliding by in school or have smart friends and fly right through school and graduate and have a successful life and provide your kids with a good life as well. You can do well in school and still have fun because your parents might give you more responsibility and let you do what you want more. So the best choice is have good, smart friends. But it’s your choice.

Norms and values

Norms and values The purpose of this document is to research, from a sociological perspective the norms, values and socialisation that is essential for family, society and culture. These key attributes provide the individual with key skills, behaviours and habits necessary to enable participation within their own society observing the rules and boundaries established within their Norms and Values and modifying and changing behaviours throughout their life time The Culture of Society is the way of life of its members; the collection of ideas and of habits which the learn and transmit from generation to generation Ralph Linton Norms are the social and cultural guidelines by which we live our lives, and both knowingly and unknowingly conform and comply too during our life time. Out norms are key attributes that define our behaviours and can determine the groups and individuals, social acceptance Or non acceptance. We learn how to behave through a complex combination of stimulus Visual, Oral and Sensory. As we grow in our mental maturity and awareness, the influence of family, environment and culture, combine to define our Norms. These key developmental elements combined, influence and determine, personal and social interactive abilities developing social skills to recognise social boundaries, acceptable behaviours and responses. Therefore our Norms are intrinsic to our development, our personal behaviour, and social acceptance. Key aspects of our Norms are: Convention Being a standard, non culturally specific element within the Norms of convention. An example being that an individual is expected to follow the rules which are an established expectation of behaviours, within the context of conventional social acts and responses. An example of a culturally specific Injunctive Norm is when a Cultural belief, such as polygamy is accepted as a Norm. This is defined as Culturally Specific as this practise is not legally practised or recognised within the Western Society. An exception could be the Mormons, who have Sects that practise polygamy, based mainly in America. The main Mormon Church The Latter Day Saints, no longer advocates such practise, although there are certain Mormon Fundamentalists Sects, whose religious fundamental belief systems adhere to the original writings of Brigham Young. Within many Muslim cultures, a husband can legally take more than one wife. This practise is not recognised legally with Western cultures. Sociological Values may be material or nonmaterial, internal or external. Values and beliefs are culturally specific Given this the evaluation of their respective value is specific to the individual or group. An example might be, when an individual uses their Core value system, they relate into either a cultural or belief system that is specific to the influences within their social Norms and Value origin, group or society. Ultimately Social Norms and Values cover a wide range of Sociological study. Example of Cultural Values defined: Sociological Norms and Values under stress from changes, can impact an individual, group, society or cultural perspective. Change or deviation when combined with poor or irrational judgement that sits outside the Norms and Values of either, a specific Culture or Belief System, can have a mired level of impacts. Therefore Norms and Values can and do change. What may be acceptable as an individual would not necessarily be acceptable at group level. Differentials on the range of what would be acceptable within their own personal attitude and value system is specific. Change to an Individuals Norm and Values can be challenged by the individual on the basis that the Worth or Value is not acceptable to them because it fails to resonate within them as acceptable as a Social or belief Value. Alternatively if may present as an abstract Value and hold no specific desirability. Values are abstract in nature and general. A cultures values are its ideals about what is good, right, fair, and just. Sociologists disagree, however, on how to conceptualise values. There is a conflict theory that focuses on how values differ between groups within a culture. The National Centre for social research annual report for 2009 indicates that the British values are changing the full report is available at (http://www.natcen.ac.uk/pzMedia/uploads/Downloadable/da9c4be7-da86-410a-9176-3b362fb4f1ba.pdf) the 2009 survey consisted of more than 4,000 interviews with a representative, random sample of people in Britain. It finding have shown that change in societys values is g enerally slow and is impacted by the media and other external stimuli. Functional sociologist Talcott Parsons noted that Americans share the common value of the American work ethic, Whilst this is most certainly a cultural social observation which encourages hard work. Herbert Spencer one of the first British Sociologists stated that Society exists for the benefit of its members, not the members for the benefit of society. Common values within western societies are based on materialism, and money, although reliance on science and technology, and the role of democracy and freedom are key norms and values that exist although these can change during stressed and unexpected change. A culture may have conflicting values; an example would be that value of materialistic success may be in opposition to that of charitable acts. Equally the value of social equality may be in opposition to that of the value placed on the individual state. This can be explained as a contraction in what people say, what they really think, and what they do. Social pressure to confor m can be a deciding factor, as individuals own norms and values system will be a sub conscious factor in that decision making. So when does socialisation begin; its starts as soon as we are born and ultimately ends with our death. As soon as a child is born, primary socialisation begins. In every instance of social interaction, a child can uses this period as a learning experience particularly in terms of cultural concepts of identity, social roles, and norms of behaviour. The very young child is totally reliant on its parents or carers. The baby will initially respond to the external stimuli provided by parents or carers. The main senses initially used by the child will be responsive, such as when they are hungry, in discomfit, or want human contact/ touch. They will respond to sound and vision this is important time for child/parent/carer socialisation this represents a very emotional time, and the close bonds of love and loyalty, which in theory will last a life time, are established. As chronological development of the child takes place, by the age of two, a child will be in procession of a rudimentary set of primary skills and behaviours. The child will be able to copy its parents and siblings, and will be learning a wider set of social skills these will be both culturally specific and socially generic. The socialisation of the child within its own society and culture will be established during an intense period of self development and awareness; children acquire a sense of their self. This is an important developmental milestone that occurs between 18/24 months. Psychologist Jean Piaget defined the fact that children progress through clear stages in their ability to think. The Sensorimotor Stage, which is from birth to age two, is when the developing childs reliance on touch for information about it surrounding world is the most commonly used of the childs developing skills. They will also experience the tactile warmth from parent/carers and will also gain stimulation and development from, copying, gestures and actions taste is also a key action of the developing child , and they will put most objects to their mouth, toys, food and potentially anything they can get their hands on. This period represents a time of great discovery and learning socially, and is part of the set of primary socialisation skills, which are prerequisite key developmental milestones. The next stage as described by Piaget is the Pre-Operational Stage. This stage generally starts between ages Two to Seven. Children now have the ability to think symbolically, that being to relate in abstract or via simple symbols. However they cannot perceive the world from another persons perspe ctive. This period also differs from later ones, because it is a time when children learn through hands-on manipulation of objects through copying, play and trial and error. When a child reaches the Operational Stage, ages of 7-12, Young children can now begin to think and reason rationally and logically. At approximately age seven or eight children enter the age of reason, when they can manipulate their own ideas, and apply learnt concepts. A child will now possess the ability to independently interact and abide to a set of social rules and boundaries. They achieve this via the mediums of school, social, family, cultural settings. Children are able to rationalise, apply logic, use and interact with media, and participate in debate verbally. Children are able to recognise self, which is an important milestone in self development: as is the ability to recognise their place socially and culturally. Finally a child moves to the fLogical Stage at ages 12 and on. The child and young adol escent, are capable of complex abstract, logical thought. They are able to have reasoned logical discussion, reach decisions based on fact, and are able to initiate and formulate argument and debate. They have a fully developed sense of self within their family, society and culture. The family plays a significant and defining role in the primary socialisation of a child. The family acts as the primary socialising agent for the first few years of life; however Socialisation in the family varies greatly, and can be dependent on Social, cultural, ideological and ethnical differences. Within Britain, the structure of family has changed; there are more working class single parents families, who have no immediate family support available to provide child care this has resulted in child care providers having a far greater role in childhood socialisation over the last 20 years. One of the most important primary functions of the family is to produce and reproduce biologically, socially and culturally-however, producing children is not the only function of the family. A childs perspective is that the family is its core and primary socialising agent; however the family perspective is one of responsibility, to provide the growing child with the necessary skills and knowled ge in their socialisation and acceptance in their common culture. From the parental/carer point of view the family is the central nucleus that provides the care, learning, development, social, cultural education: the goal of which is to socialise and incorporate cultural ideologies and values in their children. However there are many variants in societies and cultures, which place more emphasis on the sexual division of labour, marriage, and the resulting relationship between family groups and the economics. An example being; that child labour is still practised illegally and openingly in Asia, and parts of Africa. Many of these countries have poor economies and the communities and families require a child to work to contribute to the household or village this can be the difference between life and death. Equally the value of a male child may be greater than that of a female child, as in many cultures, males are preferred for financial and social reasons. In time of hardship cultures such as the Eskimos would practise infanticide, if they were lacking enough food or provisions, this was a decision made on the basis that males contribute more, as they grow in to hunters and support the community, where as a females contribution was seen as less valuable to the community. As in family, education is an important agent of socialisation and the school environment is a formal agent of socialisation. The purpose of education is to socialise children in selected skills and knowledge, preparing them with so that they can build on the skills and knowledge acquired, as they grow and mature. The formal education system in England starts at Playschool for ages 2-4 this is now a socially acceptable form of early socialisation. The child then progresses to a more formalised, yet still free play, Reception Class- these are mainly attached to a primary school, which the child then transition into thereby keeping the social group intact. Primary education provides a child with a formalised approach to learning. The child will learn new social rules and boundaries; these will build on the norms and values that they have been taught by their parents/carers. The family influence is still very strong, as these age groups are heavily dependent upon their family. The chi ld continues its primary socialisation via classroom activities, playing, and school social interaction, within its peer group. The peer group becomes important, as it is based on a childs ability to interact, make friends and socialise the pressure to conform and be accepted, increases with age. There are many reasons for this: such as social standing IE: family wealth, material possession, ethnicity, extrovert /introverts behaviors and the pecking order of favorability within the peer group. Exclusion from a peer group is a highly stressful and can be initiated by the school due to behavioral or attendance issues these issues would require remedial agreement and action between the school, child and parent. Wider involvement of care agencies, such as educational psychologists and family welfare social workers, would be required if the family were found to be unable to function or cope, due to a verity of social or financial reasons. An example being: a male child of 4 with undiagnosed ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) who in reception class could not settle, presenting as disruptive, Impulsive, restlessness with a high level of hyperactivity and an inability to concentrate or focus for any period of time. ADHD will often present as inattentiveness, and will prevent a child from learning and will stunt their socialisation if not addressed. This child was excluded from school at 5 years old. At this point a wider most specialised group of social, education workers worked with the parents, and school, after ADHD was diagnosed. Once the appropriate level of medication (Ritalin- commonly used for ADHD) was prescribed, an immediate change in behaviour was evident. A plan of resocialisation and integration was applied, and an educational statement was issued by the local educational authority. This ensured the funding necessary for one to one support, and additional help required to enable the child to be educated and resocialised. One of the key learning aids for this child reintegration was the use of media the use of media in the home and school, leisure environments have become an integrated part of contemporary life. Such is the impact of Media, that it has become a dominant agent of socialisation. Children are exposed from a very early age to media; examples being a music DVD, Television or Computer games which can be interactive, educational and agility based. Multimedia is used in a variety of ways within the family, and is seen a key aspect of socialisation and development. Equally Multi Media is used within the formal setting of school and is used regularly as part of an Educational programme. There have been negative aspects in attributed to media and the violence seen in games, music, TV and film. Secondary Socialisation is the wider process of learning; a child learns what is expected of them, and what is acceptable/appropriate behaviour, for them; within a small group that is part of a larger society and culture. Secondary socialisation represents a new developmental stage, and is generally associated with teenagers and adults. The social changes we experience are different to those of primary socialisation. An example would be, starting a new a level of education at college or university, relocating to a new environment or a change in social status or society. Some students may be transferring from a rural community to a more urban environment, whilst others may be international students being socialised to the British way of life. Others may be mature students without any prior higher educational experience. Moreover, any social structure can act as a socialising agent. For example, the work environment socialises the employees to conform to their way of business and their culture. In most organisations employees have clear responsibilities to respect authority, adhere to corporate policies, and work hard in exchange for financial compensation in the form of income and status promotions. Also, the wider public venues we all go to; such as shopping centres, libraries, hospitals, football matches, act as social interaction and educate us about new boundaries and constraints thereby influencing our behaviour. When considering the norms of behaviour, of passengers on airplanes; those of a diner at a Michelin Star restaurant; or the fans at a Rugby or Tennis game. We all conform and adapt without conscious thought a large percentage of our lives this conditioning allows us to move in a complex structure of Culture and Society. The secondary socialisation process is crucial particularly in times of stress and change. Transition from infancy to childhood to adolescence and adulthood are all companied by a socialisation process that is designed socially an d culturally to give the individual, all the skills necessary to grow and co-exist. If the process of secondary socialisation fails, due to internal or external factors, the individual may not be in possession of the necessary social or cultural skills to cope logically and rationally. This situation could lead to a change in their values and social group. As an adult we experience the socialisation process through changes in careers, family structure, personal relationships, interests, such as politics. As our lives continue, we move to retirement age, the changes in family and career are now viewed differently; our priorities change, as situations such as being, unwell, or alone take precedence. The extended older family highlight the changing cultural values in the socialisation process. With the introduction of media, older generations, are now learning and experiencing new experiences of information and communication, which is a new form of socialisation for them. This is a new agent of socialisation and is a powerful teacher and influencing agent within the context of socialisation, second only to Family. The media plays a significant role in shaping the social attitudes and social behaviours of our children and adolescents Parents do exert the most influence on children; however the mass media can be considered secondary agents of socialisation. For example, viewing of advertisements is related to lower self-esteem and depression among children who come from low-income families. It is likely that children feel bad about themselves because they cannot have the products that are advertised on television. Media and Marketing work hand in hand to influence our views We are targeted as either specific social groups, age groups and economic groups specifically to sell Products and Services. What we buy, where we buy, how we spend, and who we vote for, is heavily influenced by a range of Multi Media. Such as The TV, internet, Radio, advertising in magazines. Gender identity is one of the most important elements of our sense of self. Some aspects of gender identity are rooted in our biology, such as our physical strength. However most of our gender identity is culturally defined. As we grow and age we develop our self awareness, and how we should relate to others, and the role we play in a larger society. The lessons children learn and the processes through which cultural norms are passed from one generation to the next is known as socialisation. Gender socialisation shows that there are roles, or cultural expectations and norms, which are associated with each sexual classification Sociologists make distinctions between sex and gender. Whilst sex is based on biological factors, gender is the based on cultural factors that stereotypically construct different social roles for men and women. Therefore Gender socialisation is the process through which males and females learn gender specific appropriate behaviour, dress, personality character istics, and demeanour. While gender socialisation is an ongoing and lifelong the majority of the sociological theories tend to focus on early childhood socialisation, as the key factor in Gender determination Four such perspectives are the psychoanalytical, cognitive development, social learning, and social interaction perspectives. In all societies there is a need for resocialisation of an individual. Resocialisation is a sociological concept dealing with the process of mentally and emotionally re-training an individual so that they can exist in an environment other than that which he or she is used to. Examples of a need for Resocialisation such as the release from prison, mental health institutions and the Army ; New recruits into the army are encouraged to bond, so that they can operate as a cohesive unit and then the process is reversed for those who may have become institutionalised by their experiences in the socialisation process. Without appropriate support and counselling, mental health problems could present. Equally if an individual have been institutionalised due to lengthy incarceration because of illness or a criminal offence such as Murder: a staged plan of integration would be required, to allow assimilation and resocialisation to take place in society. Bibliography: Themes and perspectives sixth edition References Emile Durkheim http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim Brigham Young http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham_Young Examples Cultural Values http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26852.html>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialization#Types http://www.communicationencyclopedia.com/public/tocnode?id=g9781405131995_chunk_g978140513199518 http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resocialization http://www.natcen.ac.uk/study/british-social-attitudes-25th-report/findings http://thinkexist.com/quotation/the_great_aim_of_education_is_not_knowledge-but/198665.html

Of Mice And Men Essays -- essays research papers

Every day, people are faced with responsibility. Some thrive under the pressure while others crumble. Responsibility is a sign of independence. Teenagers with greater amounts of responsibility feel freedom from their parents. In the same case, too much responsibility can put more stress on that freedom-seeking teen and can have devastating effects. John Steinbeck shows the theme that in life, responsibility is best taken in moderation in his novel Of Mice and Men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Of Mice and Men, George shows the weight of responsibility on taking care of Lennie. George knows he could be better off without Lennie. â€Å"When I think of the swell time I could have without you, I go nuts,† George finally expresses. He even tells the other farm hands, â€Å"If I was alone, I could live so easy.† George often keeps his â€Å"single like† in the back of his mind. Even so, George stands up for Lennie many times. His advice is always in Lennie’s best interest. He watches out for Lennie when he keeps hold of Lennie’s work card and bus pass. George also knows that he and Lennie wouldn’t have jobs if he didn’t make Lennie keep quiet. Lennie cannot take care of himself without George. With George watching out for Lennie like he does, Lennie’s mishaps can also have detrimental effects on George’s life. George loses his job and his best friend because of his connection with George.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lennie also exemplifies the theme by the way he wants to and physically car...

Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess and The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Sai

Dramatic Monologue in Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess and The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed’s Church The general public knows Robert Browning as the writer of â€Å"The Pied Piper† a beloved children’s tale, and the hero of the film The Barrett’s of Wimpole Street. Most recognize him for little else. The literary world recognizes him as one of the most prolific poets of all time. However, his grave in Westminster Abbey stands among the great figures in English history. At his death at age seventy-seven, Robert Browning had produced volumes of poetry. He had risen to the heights of literary greatness. Robert Browning received little acknowledgement for his work until he was in his fifties. â€Å"He had been following a blind alley. Now he had reversed his direction, and by so doing, had come in sight of his true destination, the dramatic monologue. In the dedication to Strafford he had correctly analyzed the bent of his genius; it was to treat Action in Character, rather than Character in Action†(Johnson 4). Browning used the dramatic monologues as his artistic vehicle. In â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed’s† he presented characters with varying degrees of sympathy or satire as he took incidents from the past and made them come alive through his skillful use of the dramatic monologue. He rose to his position from rather modest beginnings in the south London village of Camberwell. Browning was born in 1812, to middle-class parents, his father, Robert, Sr., was a clerk for the Bank of England, and had refined artistic literary tastes. His mother Sarah Anne Widedemann, a devout Christian, pursued interests in music and nature. Browning read at age five and composed his first poetry ... ...wn.edu/victorian/books/alienvision/browning/2.html. Karlin, Daniel. The Courtship of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett. New York: Oxford University, 1985. Langbaum, Robert. â€Å"The Dramatic Monologue: Sympathy versus Judgment.† Modern Critical views Robert Browning. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1985. 23-44. Odden, Karen. â€Å"Robert Browning.† World Poets. Ed. Ron Padgett. Vol. 1. New York: Scribner’s, 2000. 163-173. Ryals, Clyde de L. â€Å"Browning’s Irony.† The Victorian Experience: The Poets Ed. Richard A. Levine. (1982): 23-46. Rpt. In Poetry Criticism. Ed. Robyn V. Young. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1991. 90-97. Wagner-Lawlor, Jennifer A. â€Å"The Pragmatics of Silence, and the Figuration of the Reader in Browning’s Dramatic Monologues.† Victorian Poetry. 22 Apr. 2001. http://vp.engl.wvu.edu/fall97/wagner.html.

In Dr. Cloud’s book Essay

In Dr. Cloud’s book, the concept of â€Å"wake† is the next in a series of important concepts in business. This concept affects how a person works within an organization, and includes everything that he does, both in business and interpersonal relationships. A person’s wake is the most important thing about him or her in terms of business, and it will determine his or her overall success. The â€Å"wake† is the legacy that a person leaves behind in a business situation (or, really, in any situation). It consists of everything a person does, both in business and interpersonally. For example, a person may help his team meet their goals quickly and efficiently, achieve high sales numbers, and further the company’s other goals and missions. These would be examples from the business side. A person may also leave his team feeling happy to have worked with him, inspired to work harder, and feeling good about meeting their goals. These are examples from the interpersonal side. However, it is also possible that someone may not do so well in one or both of these areas. Someone may be a great salesman who is achieving goals quickly and making large amounts of money for the company, but who upsets almost everyone he works with, as in Dr. Cloud’s example. This type of person’s wake must be considered from all angles. What is the person really worth to the company? If his sales numbers are great, but no one wants to work with him and people spend a lot of time complaining about him, then the lost productivity may not be worth the amount of sales he is making. His interpersonal wake is poor. Dr. Cloud emphasizes the role of character is the wake. A person must have strong character in order to have a good wake. For example, the CEO in the book was not a bad person, or a bad leader in most respects. He treated his people fairly and people were glad to work with him. He also seemed (from what information there was) to be doing good things for the company. However, he had a weak character when it came to dealing with problems. Because the CEO did not react quickly enough by either disciplining or firing the sales VP, he lost the confidence of a large portion of his team and the board members, and had to leave the company. Had he been willing to handle the problem earlier, this might not have happened. As he was leaving, the company probably did not look favorably upon his wake, no matter how many other good things he had done for the company. Dr. Cloud goes on to emphasize that character is â€Å"the ability to meet the demands of reality. † This means a number of things. When a senior staff member is hiring a new team member, especially in a higher-importance job, the staff member needs to make sure that the person can meet the demands of the company’s reality. That means that regardless of the person’s abilities, they must be a good fit for the company. What’s even more important is that the person must be a good fit for the particular job and its responsibilities. There is a good example of this, too. Dr. Cloud called some references when he was hiring a new person for an important position. The references were very pleased with the work the woman had done, and people had worked well with her. Her weaknesses were not considered to be large issues, and most importantly, they would hire her again, knowing what they knew. Dr. Cloud ensured that this person would be a good fit by checking to see what wake she had left at her previous jobs. The primary point is this: it is the personal aspects of character, and the wake, that are most important. Business issues can be overcome by someone, under some set of circumstances. But whether or not a person is equipped to deal with the stress of those situations is another matter. A person’s character and the wake they leave behind when working with others is the most important part of whether or not they will succeed.

Vietnam War and its Impact on Subsequent American Foreign Policy

Rise to globalism is an enlightened work by Stephen Ambrose that relates to development of American foreign policy from Second World War through Reagan administration. The book by Stephen Ambrose provides an overview American foreign policy evolution from 1938 to the present powerful status of America.Stephen Ambrose tries to explain the trends in foreign policy adapted by America from isolationist attitude to global power position America holds today. He focuses on events that related to Second world War, Vietnam, Cuban missile crisis and to large extent SALT treaties.The world today is faced with major problems such as communism, conflicts between Arabs and Israel, and third world development. These problems are attributed with Second World War and had an impact on American foreign policies.The policies adopted by America had an impact on various countries around the world. Stephen Ambrose work tries to explain the modern American foreign policy as a development since the Second Wo rld War Foreign policy of United States is a policy through which the United States interacts with foreign nations.United States has a lot of influence in the world through its economy and defense mechanism. Other character traits in America such racism, economic aggressiveness and fear of communism have shaped the countries emerging foreign policy.The overview of events in America led to a rise of globalism which is a major development in American history. The World War II had a lot of influence in development of America which shaped its foreign policy. Liberation by Russia incorporated Eastern European states into satellite states which became the Soviet Union.Another impact of the war was formation of natural governments which changed the status of the nations. Ambrose in his work showed each stage of the cold war, division of European continent and the arms race could have been avoided.A major impact of the Vietnam War as was reflected in the cold war is the financial and econom ic disaster which related to the arms race. It is a situation that compromised the financial position of many nations involved in the war. The development of American foreign policy is a thorny issue which resulted from the cold war.Incorporation of many countries in various treaties took a lot of time and forced nations to spend a lot of money so as to end such conflicts. The United States and other members of the Soviet Union were not willing to compromise their position in relation to minor matters.This is because committing a lot of their time and finances in such petty issues could cost them a big deal in resolving major problems. For instance, involving in activities such as partitioning Berlin would be met with a lot of resistance and unnecessary demands.On the other side, once the U.S.S.R tried to compromise, United States would seizure control of the situation so as to create stipulations on proposed agreements. One important and major concept during this period is that, th ere was no any meaningful agreement that sailed through.Former United States presidents had the opportunities and chances to come to an agreement that would end the cold war but this never succeeded. In few instances that saw some of the head of state try to reach an agreement, participants were unwilling to come to a consensus.As per Stephen Ambrose, resolution to certain problems during that period came after the book was written. Communism was replaced by democracy throughout most parts of Europe while in 1989 it was a time when U.S.S.R fell.Most of the countries in Western Europe who constituted the satellite nations were liberated by United States and Great Britain which formally formed democratic governments. Split of east and west Europe as the beginning of the cold war. The acting presidents during this period late Jimmy Carter acted in respect to expectations of many Americans to achieve a peace agreement.The agreement had little influence in resolving such conflicts but se veral treaties were formed which addressed the demand for concerned parties. Accomplishment of various agreements had impact on U. S whereby Arab-Israel hostilities were negotiated.This was a major development in the history of America and it fits in the foreign policy. The impact of such agreement is seen in today’s policies developed by United States to extend their powers in trying to help developing nations. United States is a very powerful nation in the world and its strength can be attributed with agreements that resulted from the cold war.Most of the developing nations have benefited from financial aid offered by United States of America. Signing certain treaties during the period of cold war was a very tough because neither side wanted to compromise their position which led to disagreement.The subsequent American foreign policy has seen several nations, individuals and governments benefit. It is a very important development in the history of America since the Second W orld War to the current powerful situation in America. Work Cited Ambrose Stephen, Rise to Globalism, (American Foreign Policy since 1938), Douglas Brinkley book.

Ionic Reactions

The purpose of this lab is to study the nature of ionic reactions through the experiment and be able to write balanced equations along with net ionic equations for precipitation reactions using formulas Procedure First, make sure that the items needed for the lab are ready along with the safety precautions. What we do is mix and observe the reaction of 5 main substances while they are being mixed with 7 different substances in a 96 well plate.Observations The first column which as the sodium phosphate had a reaction with the five substances inside of the 96 well plate and also the Sodium Hydroxide had a reaction with all the five substances inside the 96 well plate. The other thing that I observed with learning from this experiment was the color that was given off when the substances mixed for example; whenever the barium nitrate had a reaction it changed to a cloudy color white.Reactions of the chemical (equations) A1) Co(N03)2 + 6 H20 + Na3P04 + 12 H20 ? Na3 + P02Co(N03)2 + 18 H20 A6) Co(N03)2 †¢ 6 H20 †¢ Na2C03 ? NaCo(N03)2 + C03 + 6 H20 A7) Co(N03)2 †¢ 6 H20 †¢ NaOH ? B1) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ Na3P04 †¢ 12 H20 ? B2) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ NaI ? B5) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ NaHC03 ? B6) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ Na2C03 ? B7) Cu(N03)2 †¢ 3 H20 †¢ NaOH ? C1) Fe(N03)3 †¢ 9 H20 †¢ Na3P04 †¢ 12 H20 ? C2) Fe(N03)3 †¢ 9 H20 †¢ Nal ?C6) Fe(N03)3 †¢ 9 H20 †¢ Na2C03 ? D1) Ba(N03)2 †¢ Na3P04 †¢ 12 H20 ? D3) Ba(N03)2 †¢ Na2S04 ? D5) Ba(N03)2 †¢ NaHC03 ? D6) Ba(N03)2 †¢ Na2C03 ? Conclusions I have learned that some of the substances don’t have a reaction with another substance, but on this particle experiment about half and half had a reaction and didn’t have a reaction. The ones that were easy to decide if they were having a reaction changed colors and became very cloudy.